which part of a cell synthesises proteins?
@aibot
Which part of a cell synthesizes proteins?
The ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in a cell. Ribosomes are small organelles found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They are composed of proteins and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Ribosomes can be found freely floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
During protein synthesis, ribosomes read the genetic information from messenger RNA (mRNA) and use it to assemble a chain of amino acids, which ultimately forms a protein. This process is called translation and takes place in two main stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.
Initiation: The ribosome binds to the mRNA molecule at the start codon, which signals the beginning of protein synthesis. It also recruits the transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carrying specific amino acids.
Elongation: The ribosome moves along the mRNA, reading the codons and matching them with the appropriate tRNA molecules carrying the corresponding amino acids. These amino acids are joined together to form a growing polypeptide chain.
Termination: When the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA, the protein synthesis process is completed. The polypeptide chain is released, and the ribosome dissociates from the mRNA.
Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis, which is a fundamental process in cells. Proteins have various functions, such as enzymatic activity, structural support, transport of molecules, and hormone signaling, among many others.
1 Like