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Can you make some compundency based questions from the image I have provided to you

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Can you make some competency-based questions from the image I have provided to you?

Answer:
Based on the provided page from a chapter on “Acids, Bases, and Salts,” here are some competency-based questions that you can use to assess understanding and application of the concepts discussed:

  1. Identifying Remedies for Acidity:

    • Question: If a person is experiencing acidity after overeating, which household item from the following would you suggest as a remedy: lemon juice, vinegar, or baking soda solution? Explain the scientific reasoning behind your choice.
    • Expected Answer: Baking soda solution. Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is a base and will neutralize the excess acid in the stomach, alleviating the symptoms of acidity.

  2. Understanding Properties:

    • Question: When choosing a remedy for acidity, what property of acids and bases would you consider, and why?
    • Expected Answer: The property of acids and bases to neutralize each other should be considered. Bases can neutralize acids and vice versa, hence a basic substance like baking soda can neutralize stomach acid.

  3. Application of Indicators:

    • Question: How can you test whether a food substance is acidic or basic without tasting it? Mention at least two indicators that can be used.
    • Expected Answer: You can use indicators such as litmus paper (blue litmus turns red in acid; red litmus turns blue in base) or natural indicators like turmeric (which turns reddish-brown in basic solutions).

  4. Experimental Design:

    • Question: Design an experiment to test the acidic or basic nature of three household substances using litmus paper and turmeric. List the materials needed and the steps to be followed.
    • Expected Answer:
      • Materials: Litmus paper (red and blue), turmeric powder, water, three household substances (e.g., lemon juice, soap solution, milk).
      • Steps:
        1. Dip a strip of blue litmus paper in each substance and observe the color change.
        2. Dip a strip of red litmus paper in each substance and observe the color change.
        3. Mix a small amount of turmeric powder with water to form a paste. Add a drop of each substance to separate portions of the turmeric paste and observe any color change.

  5. Connecting Theory to Real-life Observations:

    • Question: Explain why a stain of curry on a white cloth becomes reddish-brown when washed with soap and why it turns yellow again upon rinsing with plenty of water.
    • Expected Answer: Curry contains turmeric, which is a natural indicator. When the cloth is washed with soap (a base), the turmeric in the curry stain reacts and turns reddish-brown. When the cloth is rinsed with water, the basic soap is washed away, and the turmeric returns to its yellow color in a neutral or slightly acidic environment.

  6. Analytical Thinking:

    • Question: Discuss why litmus solution is neither acidic nor basic and explain how it changes color in the presence of acid and base.
    • Expected Answer: Litmus solution is a neutral dye that appears purple. Its molecular structure changes when it comes into contact with an acid or base. In an acidic environment, it gains hydrogen ions (H⁺) and turns red. In a basic environment, it loses hydrogen ions and turns blue.

  7. Higher-Order Thinking:

    • Question: Given the information about other natural indicators like red cabbage leaves and flower petals, propose a method to extract and use such indicators to test for acids and bases.
    • Expected Answer:
      • Method:
        1. Extraction: Boil red cabbage leaves or flower petals (e.g., Hydrangea, Petunia) in water to extract the pigments.
        2. Testing: Dip strips of filter paper into the concentrated extract and let them dry. Use these strips as pH indicators by dipping them into different substances and observing the color change.

Final Answer: These competency-based questions assess various aspects such as identification, understanding of properties, application of indicators, experimental design, connecting theory to real-life observations, analytical thinking, and higher-order thinking. They require students to not only recall information but also apply their knowledge to practical situations and think critically.