Boyle's law practical grade 11

General
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boyle’s law practical grade 11

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Boyle’s Law Practical Grade 11

Answer:
Boyle’s Law is one of the fundamental principles of gas behavior, expressed as PV = k, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, and k is a constant when temperature and the amount of gas are held steady. This law states that the pressure of a given mass of gas varies inversely with its volume at constant temperature.

Solution By Steps:

  1. Objective of the Practical:

    • To verify Boyle’s Law, which states that the pressure of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume, provided the temperature remains constant.

  2. Materials Required:

    • Boyle’s Law apparatus (gas syringe and pressure sensor)
    • Clamp stand
    • Rubber tube
    • Mercury (if using a simple manometer setup)
    • Ruler or measuring device
    • Data logger or recording sheet

  3. Procedure:

    • Set Up the Apparatus: Secure the gas syringe vertically using the clamp stand. Attach the gas syringe to the pressure sensor using the rubber tubing.

    • Measure the Initial Volume and Pressure: Record the initial volume of the gas in the syringe and the corresponding pressure using the pressure sensor. Ensure that these measurements are taken when the gas is at constant temperature.

    • Modify the Volume: Gradually change the volume of the gas in the syringe by moving the plunger. For each change in volume, record the corresponding pressure.

    • Record Keeping: Ensure that you have at least 5-10 different volume-pressure pairs for accurate results. For instance, you might record volumes at 10 mL intervals and note the corresponding pressures.

  4. Data Analysis:

    • Draw a table to organize your data with columns for Volume (V), Pressure (P), and the product of Pressure and Volume (PV).

    • Calculate the product PV for each datapoint.

      Example Table:

      Volume (mL) Pressure (kPa) P \times V (kPa \times mL)
      30 100 3000
      20 150 3000
      15 200 3000

    • Plot a graph of Pressure (P) against the reciprocal of Volume (1/V). According to Boyle’s Law, the graph should be a straight line passing through the origin.

  5. Graphical Representation:

    • Pressure vs. Volume: This graph should show an inverse relationship.
    • Pressure vs. Reciprocal of Volume: This should show a direct proportional relationship.

Graph and Interpretation:

  1. Plotting the Graph:

    • Plot P vs. 1/V.
    • The slope of the line should be constant indicating that P \times V = \text{constant}, affirming Boyle’s Law.

  2. Calculating the Constant:

    • From the data, try to find the constant k.

      k = (P \times V)

  3. Conclusion:

    • Verify that the product P \times V remains approximately constant across different values of P and V.
    • Your experimental data should validate Boyle’s Law within the limits of experimental error.

Example Calculation:

If you have recorded the volume and pressure for a gas where volume V_1 = 30 \, \text{mL} and corresponding pressure P_1 = 100 \, \text{kPa}, and you change the volume to V_2 = 20 \, \text{mL}, the new pressure P_2 calculated using Boyle’s Law would be:

P_1 \times V_1 = P_2 \times V_2
100 \, \text{kPa} \times 30 \, \text{mL} = P_2 \times 20 \, \text{mL}
P_2 = \frac{100 \times 30}{20} = 150 \, \text{kPa}

Final Answer:

Upon successful completion of the practical, you should observe that the product P \times V remains consistent, thereby proving Boyle’s Law: The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume when the temperature is held constant.

This detailed description should assist Grade 11 students in understanding and conducting a Boyle’s Law practical, providing them with a thorough and comprehensive guide.