explain unique features of acquired immunity
Explain unique features of acquired immunity
Answer: Acquired immunity, also known as adaptive immunity, is a specific defense mechanism that the body develops in response to a particular antigen or pathogen. There are several unique features of acquired immunity that distinguish it from innate immunity.
1. Specificity: Acquired immunity is highly specific to the particular antigen that triggered its development. Once the immune system encounters a specific antigen, it produces immune cells and antibodies that target that specific invader. This specificity allows the immune system to tailor its response to a wide variety of pathogens.
2. Diversity: Acquired immunity is characterized by a vast repertoire of immune cells and antibodies that can recognize and respond to a diverse range of antigens. This diversity is achieved through gene rearrangement and somatic hypermutation, allowing the immune system to generate an immense number of unique receptors capable of recognizing different pathogens.
3. Memory: One of the most remarkable features of acquired immunity is its ability to “remember” past encounters with pathogens. Upon initial exposure to an antigen, immune cells develop into memory cells that remain in the body for an extended period. If the same antigen re-enters the body, these memory cells enable a faster and more robust immune response, providing long-lasting immunity.
4. Immunological tolerance: Acquired immunity displays the unique ability to distinguish between self and non-self antigens, preventing the immune system from attacking the body’s own cells and tissues. This immunological tolerance is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune diseases.
5. Immunological diversity: Acquired immunity exhibits remarkable diversity in its response to a wide range of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. This diversity allows the immune system to adapt and mount tailored responses to different types of invaders, enhancing the body’s ability to combat infections effectively.
In conclusion, acquired immunity’s unique features, such as specificity, diversity, memory, immunological tolerance, and diversity, play a vital role in protecting the body against pathogens and maintaining immune balance.