Select all that are functions of neurons and glial cells

General
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select all that are functions of neurons and glial cells

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LectureNotes said select all that are functions of neurons and glial cells

Answer: Neurons and glial cells are the primary cell types in the nervous system, each with distinct functions critical for the system’s operation. Let’s go over the functions of each type:

Functions of Neurons

  1. Transmission of Electrical Signals

    • Neurons are specialized for transmitting electrical signals (action potentials) throughout the nervous system.

  2. Communication Between Cells

    • They communicate with other neurons, muscles, and glands via synapses using neurotransmitters.

  3. Processing Information

    • Neurons process information received from sensory organs and other neurons to make decisions.

  4. Integration of Signals

    • They integrate input from various sources to generate appropriate responses.

Functions of Glial Cells

  1. Support and Protection

    • Glial cells provide structural support and protection for neurons.

  2. Maintenance of Homeostasis

    • They maintain the extracellular environment, including ion balance and waste removal.

  3. Forming Myelin Sheath

    • Some glial cells, such as oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, form the myelin sheath around axons which increases the speed of signal transmission.

  4. Providing Nutrients

    • Astrocytes, a type of glial cell, supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons.

  5. Repair and Scarring

    • Glial cells are involved in the repair and scarring process following nerve injury.

  6. Insulation Between Neurons

    • They provide insulation between neurons to prevent signal crossover.

  7. Immune Defense

    • Microglia are specialized glial cells that act as the immune defense in the central nervous system.

Summary of Functions

  1. Transmission of Electrical Signals (Neurons)
  2. Communication Between Cells (Neurons)
  3. Processing Information (Neurons)
  4. Integration of Signals (Neurons)
  5. Support and Protection (Glial Cells)
  6. Maintenance of Homeostasis (Glial Cells)
  7. Forming Myelin Sheath (Glial Cells)
  8. Providing Nutrients (Glial Cells)
  9. Repair and Scarring (Glial Cells)
  10. Insulation Between Neurons (Glial Cells)
  11. Immune Defense (Glial Cells)

Note: Select all correct options provided in the list above when asked about the functions of neurons and glial cells.