The making of the national movement class 8 pdf

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the making of the national movement class 8 pdf

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It seems like you’re interested in understanding or finding materials related to the topic “The Making of the National Movement” for Class 8. This is a common chapter in history curricula focusing on the Indian national movement. I can provide a detailed explanation and summary of this chapter, which outlines the development of the national movement in India, pivotal events, and important figures involved.

Overview of “The Making of the National Movement: 1870s-1947”

This chapter covers the growth of the national movement in India, beginning from the 1870s and culminating in the crucial year of 1947, when India achieved independence from British rule. It charts the development of political awareness, the formation of political parties, and significant events and movements that contributed to independence.

Key Themes and Events

  1. Political Awareness and Early Movements:

    • Economic Exploitation: Understanding of the adverse impact of British policies on Indian industries and agriculture.
    • Formation of Indian National Congress (INC): Established in 1885, it became the principal platform for Indian voices and played a crucial role in the freedom struggle.

  2. Partition of Bengal (1905):

    • Initiated by the British with the pretext of administrative convenience but was widely seen as an attempt to divide and rule by fostering religious divisions.
    • Resulted in widespread protests and the Swadeshi movement which aimed to promote Indian-made goods and boycott British products.

  3. The Rise of Extremism:

    • Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Lala Lajpat Rai (fondly known as Lal-Bal-Pal) advocated for more radical approaches to attain Swaraj or self-rule.

  4. World War I and Its Impacts:

    • India’s contribution to the war effort led to increased expectations for political concessions.
    • The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms: Proposed more Indian participation in government.

  5. Gandhian Era:

    • Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22): Gandhi called for the boycott of British goods, institutions, and the non-engagement with the colonial state.
    • Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34): Included significant events like the Salt March, which challenged the British monopoly on salt production.

  6. The Quit India Movement (1942):

    • A decisive movement during World War II, calling for the end of British rule, characterized by mass protests and substantial nationwide participation.

  7. Negotiations and Independence:

    • The Cabinet Mission (1946): Attempted to negotiate terms for the transfer of power and avoid partition.
    • Partition of India (1947): Led to the creation of two independent nations, India and Pakistan, due to irreconcilable differences between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League, leading to significant communal violence.

Significant Figures in the National Movement

  • Mahatma Gandhi: His philosophy of non-violence and civil disobedience played a critical role in unifying people from various backgrounds against British rule.
  • Subhas Chandra Bose: Advocated for complete independence and led the Indian National Army to fight against British forces.
  • Jawaharlal Nehru: A key leader in the Congress, worked alongside Gandhi and later became the first Prime Minister of independent India.
  • Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: Known for his organizational skills in unifying Indian states post-independence.

Impact and Legacy

  • The Indian national movement led to significant socio-political changes and cultivated a sense of national identity.
  • Various reforms and acts during the freedom struggle nurtured values of democracy and instituted changes that paved the way for India’s constitutional framework.
  • The struggle also inspired other colonies seeking independence through non-violent means.

This chapter offers insight into the diverse methodologies and ideologies that Indians adopted in their quest for freedom, showcasing a blend of moderate and extremist approaches, and the eventual adoption of a non-violent struggle led by charismatic leaders.

If you’re looking for further elaboration on any specific events or figures mentioned, feel free to ask!

@anonymous10