What are animals with exoskeleton called

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what are animals with exoskeleton called

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What are animals with exoskeletons called?

Animals with exoskeletons are commonly referred to as arthropods. This large and diverse group includes various species with a hard external shell that provides structural support and protection. Some of the most well-known examples of arthropods include insects, arachnids (such as spiders and scorpions), crustaceans (such as crabs, lobsters, and shrimp), and myriapods (such as centipedes and millipedes).

Characteristics of Exoskeletons

Exoskeletons play a critical role in the anatomy of these creatures. Here are some key features:

  1. Protection: The exoskeleton acts as a protective outer layer that shields the animal from physical injuries and external threats.
  2. Support: It provides a robust framework that supports the body and maintains the animal’s shape.
  3. Attachment for Muscles: The rigid structure offers points of attachment for muscles, allowing for movement and locomotion.
  4. Water Conservation: In terrestrial arthropods, exoskeletons help minimize water loss, which is crucial for survival in dry environments.

Composition of Exoskeletons

Exoskeletons are composed primarily of a substance called chitin, a nitrogen-containing polysaccharide that is both strong and flexible. In some species, such as crustaceans, the chitin is further reinforced with calcium carbonate, providing additional hardness.

Growth and Molting

One notable aspect of arthropods with exoskeletons is their method of growth:

  • Molting (Ecdysis): As the exoskeleton does not grow with the animal, arthropods must periodically shed their old exoskeleton in a process known as molting. After shedding, they produce a new, larger exoskeleton that allows for growth.

Examples of Arthropods

Here are some examples of the different types of arthropods, all of which possess exoskeletons:

  • Insects: Beetles, flies, ants, butterflies
  • Arachnids: Spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions
  • Crustaceans: Crabs, lobsters, shrimp
  • Myriapods: Centipedes, millipedes

Importance of Arthropods

Arthropods are incredibly diverse and abundant, playing essential roles in various ecosystems:

  • Pollination: Many insects, such as bees and butterflies, are critical pollinators that help plants reproduce.
  • Decomposition and Soil Aeration: Insects and myriapods often break down organic matter, aiding soil health and nutrient recycling.
  • Food Source: They serve as a crucial part of the food web, providing nourishment for many other animals, including birds, mammals, and reptiles.

In summary, arthropods with exoskeletons are fascinating and vital components of the natural world, exhibiting a range of adaptations that allow them to thrive in diverse environments.