what are hiv and aids
What are HIV and AIDS?
Answer:
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which help the immune system fight off infections. If left untreated, HIV can lead to the disease known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection, where the immune system is severely damaged, and the individual is vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.
HIV is transmitted through contact with certain body fluids infected with the virus, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk. Transmission can occur through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles or syringes, from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding, and rarely through blood transfusions.
AIDS is diagnosed when a person with HIV has a CD4 cell count below 200 cells/mm³ (normal range is 500-1,600 cells/mm³) or they develop certain opportunistic infections or cancers. However, with advancements in antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV can prevent the progression to AIDS and live long, healthy lives. Regular testing, early diagnosis, and access to treatment are key to managing HIV and preventing the development of AIDS.