what causes pernicious anemia?
What causes pernicious anemia?
Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12, which is essential for the production of red blood cells. Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products such as meat, eggs, and dairy. Normally, when we eat these foods, our stomach acid breaks down the vitamin so that it can be absorbed into the bloodstream. However, in people with pernicious anemia, the body cannot absorb vitamin B12 properly. This is usually because the body’s immune system attacks the cells in the stomach that produce the acid needed to absorb vitamin B12.
Another cause of pernicious anemia can be the result of surgery where all or part of the stomach is removed (gastrectomy). In this case, the body may not produce enough intrinsic factor, which is a protein that helps with the absorption of vitamin B12.
Other risk factors for pernicious anemia include:
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Age: Pernicious anemia is more common in people over the age of 60.
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Genetics: Certain genes have been associated with pernicious anemia.
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Digestive disorders: People with digestive disorders, such as celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or ulcerative colitis, may have difficulty absorbing vitamin B12.
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Medications: Certain medications, such as proton pump inhibitors and metformin, can interfere with the absorption of vitamin B12.
If left untreated, pernicious anemia can lead to serious complications such as nerve damage, dementia, and even death. Treatment typically involves injections of vitamin B12 to bypass the digestive system and ensure that the body gets enough of this essential vitamin. In some cases, oral supplements or a diet rich in vitamin B12 may help.