what is the chemical name for the compound water?
What is the chemical name for the compound water?
Answer:
The compound commonly known as water has the chemical name dihydrogen monoxide. This name is derived from its chemical formula, H₂O. Let’s break down the name to understand it better:
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Dihydrogen (H₂):
- “Di-” indicates that there are two hydrogen atoms.
- “Hydrogen” refers to the element symbolized by “H”.
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Monoxide (O):
- “Mono-” indicates that there is one oxygen atom.
- “Oxide” refers to the element oxygen, symbolized by “O”.
Thus, combining these parts, we get “dihydrogen monoxide”, indicating a molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Chemical Composition and Structure
- Chemical Formula: H₂O
- Molecular Weight: Approximately 18.01 grams per mole
- Structure: Water molecules have a bent structure with an angle of about 104.5° between the hydrogen-oxygen-hydrogen bonds. This angle is due to the two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom, which repel the hydrogen atoms.
Properties of Water
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Polarity: Water is a polar molecule because of the difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen atom is more electronegative, pulling electron density towards itself and away from the hydrogen atoms, resulting in a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms.
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Hydrogen Bonding: The polarity of water molecules allows them to form hydrogen bonds with each other. This is a key factor in many of water’s unique properties, such as its high boiling point, surface tension, and ability to dissolve many substances (making it a “universal solvent”).
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States of Matter: Water commonly exists in three states:
- Solid (Ice): Below 0°C, water freezes into ice.
- Liquid (Water): Between 0°C and 100°C, water remains in liquid form.
- Gas (Steam): Above 100°C, water vaporizes into steam.
Final Answer:
The chemical name for the compound water is dihydrogen monoxide, often referred to by its molecular formula, H₂O.