what is the difference between bison and buffalo
What is the difference between bison and buffalo?
Answer: Bison and buffalo are often confused due to their similar appearance and common names used interchangeably, but they are distinct species with differences in their geographical distribution, physical characteristics, and classifications.
1. Geographical Distribution:
- Bison: There are two main types of bison— the American bison (Bison bison) and the European bison (Bison bonasus). The American bison is also known as the plains bison or the wood bison, depending on its habitat in North America. The European bison, or wisent, is found in Europe.
- Buffalo: There are two main species of buffalo— the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and the Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). The African buffalo roams various habitats in Africa, while the water buffalo is common in Asia and has been domesticated in many regions.
2. Physical Characteristics:
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Bison:
- Hump: Bison have a prominent hump on their shoulders, which is a distinguishing feature. It is composed of muscles that are supported by vertebrae extensions, aiding them in moving their head through dense snow.
- Fur: They possess a thick, shaggy coat that helps them survive in colder climates. Their fur is especially dense around the head, neck, and shoulders.
- Head and Horns: Bison have a broad, massive head with short, curved horns.
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Buffalo:
- Hump: Buffalo lack the distinctive hump found in bison.
- Fur: Their coat is usually sparse compared to bison. African buffalo have sparse hair, while water buffalo can have very little hair.
- Head and Horns: Buffalo tend to have larger horns compared to bison. African buffalo have thick, curved horns that can span a considerable width. Water buffalo have long, sweeping horns that can be quite large.
3. Classification:
- Bison: Bison belong to the genus Bison within the family Bovidae.
- Buffalo: Buffalo belong to different genera within the family Bovidae. The African buffalo is part of the genus Syncerus, and the water buffalo belongs to the genus Bubalus.
4. Behavioral Differences:
- Bison: Bison are known to be aggressive and can run at speeds up to 35 miles per hour. They usually move in herds and are considered more robust to cold climates.
- Buffalo: African buffalo are known for their unpredictable nature and can be very aggressive when threatened. Water buffalo, particularly domesticated ones, are generally more docile and have been used as draft animals for centuries.
5. Conservation Status:
- Bison: Once facing near extinction due to overhunting in the 19th century, conservation efforts have helped increase their numbers, especially in North America. Both the American and European bison are considered near threatened or vulnerable.
- Buffalo: The African buffalo is currently considered of least concern, though certain sub-species may be more at risk. The wild Asian water buffalo is endangered, while domesticated varieties are plentiful.
In summary, while bison and buffalo may appear similar, they have distinct differences in their physical characteristics, habitats, and behaviors. Understanding these differences helps in correctly identifying and conserving these unique species.