Which theologian proposed that jesus should be understood neither as god nor man

General
1

which theologian proposed that jesus should be understood neither as god nor man.

2

Which theologian proposed that Jesus should be understood neither as God nor man?

Answer:
The theologian who proposed that Jesus should be understood neither as God nor man is Paul of Samosata. He was a prominent figure in early Christian theology and served as the bishop of Antioch in the 3rd century AD. Paul of Samosata is known for his controversial views that diverged from mainstream Christian doctrines of the time.

Paul of Samosata’s Teachings:

  1. Christology:

    • Paul of Samosata introduced a form of Christology known as adoptionism, which suggests that Jesus was born as an ordinary human and was later adopted by God. He taught that Jesus was neither divine from birth nor merely human. Instead, Jesus was a man who, because of his singular devotion and virtue, was chosen by God for a special divine role.

  2. Dynamic Monarchianism:

    • Paul of Samosata’s views were part of a broader theological stance known as Dynamic Monarchianism. This belief system emphasized the absolute oneness of God (monarchia) and rejected the idea of the Trinity, which was slowly gaining acceptance in the early church. According to this view, Jesus was bestowed divine qualities and authority but did not possess inherent divinity.

  3. Rejection of Pre-existence:

    • He denied the pre-existence of Christ, arguing that Christ’s divine status was bestowed upon him at a specific moment, typically identified with his baptism, rather than existing from eternity as the second person of the Trinity.

Historical Context and Controversy:

  • Council of Antioch: Paul of Samosata’s teachings led to significant controversy and were ultimately condemned by the Synod of Antioch around AD 268. He was deposed from his position as bishop due to his unorthodox views which clashed with the emerging orthodox Christian doctrine.

  • Influence and Legacy: Although his teachings were declared heretical, they influenced subsequent theological debates and underscored the complexities involved in early Christian attempts to understand the nature of Christ.

In summary, Paul of Samosata proposed that Jesus should be understood as neither wholly God nor merely a man. His unique Christological position emphasized the humanity of Jesus, elevated by divine appointment, a view that significantly departed from the orthodox doctrines that were solidifying in early Christianity.