with regard to environmental sustainability, which of the following explains an advantage of urban light-rail networks in europe and east asia compared to most light-rail systems in united states cities?
Advantages of Urban Light-Rail Networks in Europe and East Asia Compared to the United States:
Urban light-rail networks in Europe and East Asia have demonstrated several advantages in terms of environmental sustainability compared to most light-rail systems in the United States. One significant advantage is the higher ridership and user acceptance of light-rail systems in Europe and East Asia. This increased ridership can be attributed to several factors:
Extensive Coverage and Connectivity: Urban light-rail networks in Europe and East Asia are often integrated into a comprehensive public transportation system, which includes buses, trams, subways, and high-speed rail. This connectivity provides passengers with a seamless transition between different modes of transportation, making it more convenient and efficient to use public transport. In contrast, many light-rail systems in the United States operate independently without seamless connections to other modes of transit, leading to lower ridership numbers.
Higher Frequency and Reliability: Light-rail networks in Europe and East Asia generally offer higher frequencies of service and are known for their punctuality and reliability. The consistent and frequent service attracts more passengers, as they can rely on the system to arrive at their destination on time. In comparison, many light-rail systems in the United States face challenges related to delays, lack of frequency, and unreliable schedules, which can deter potential riders.
Integration with Land Use Planning: In Europe and East Asia, urban light-rail networks are often integrated with land use planning and development policies. These systems are typically designed to serve densely populated areas, commercial centers, and residential neighborhoods, promoting transit-oriented development. The proximity of light-rail stations to residential areas and businesses encourages higher ridership and reduces the dependency on private vehicles. In contrast, some light-rail systems in the United States lack this integration with land use planning, leading to lower ridership and limited impact on reducing car dependency.
Energy Efficiency and Sustainability: Urban light-rail networks in Europe and East Asia are known for their energy efficiency and environmentally friendly operations. Many systems utilize renewable energy sources, such as electricity generated from wind or solar power. Additionally, some networks incorporate energy-saving technologies like regenerative braking systems to reduce energy consumption. These sustainable practices contribute to lower greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, making public transportation a more eco-friendly option. In contrast, some light-rail systems in the United States rely on traditional fossil fuels and have yet to fully embrace renewable energy sources and sustainable practices.
In summary, urban light-rail networks in Europe and East Asia offer advantages in terms of ridership, connectivity, frequency, land use integration, and sustainability when compared to the majority of light-rail systems in the United States. By focusing on these key areas, cities in the United States can learn valuable lessons from successful international models to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and environmental impact of their light-rail systems.