the constitution establishes the supreme court. which entity is empowered by the constitution to establish the lower federal courts?
Which entity is empowered by the constitution to establish the lower federal courts?
Answer: The establishment of the lower federal courts is empowered by the United States Congress as outlined in the Constitution. While the Constitution itself establishes the Supreme Court, it delegates the responsibility to Congress to create the lower federal courts. Article III of the Constitution primarily addresses the establishment of the Supreme Court, and it grants Congress the authority to establish the lower federal courts. The structure, jurisdiction, and organization of these lower federal courts, such as the U.S. District Courts and U.S. Courts of Appeals, are defined by acts of Congress. This separation of powers between the judicial and legislative branches is a key feature of the U.S. government system, ensuring checks and balances.